| GRASSLAND HERBS AT WINDMILL HILL 1998 AND 2002 | |||||||
| RESULTS FROM 298 SAMPLES OF 200mm BY 200mm SIZE | |||||||
| SCIENTIFIC NAME | ENGLISH NAME | FREQUENCY | ABUNDANCE | ||||
| No. of samples | % of samples | No. of plants | % of plants | Est. total plants | No. / sq. m. | ||
| Per grassland herbs | |||||||
| Achillea millefolium | Yarrow | 6 | 2.0 | 9 | 0.3 | 24000 | 0.8 |
| Agrimonia eupatoria | Agrimony | 10 | 3.4 | 13 | 0.5 | 34000 | 1.1 |
| Astragalus glycyphyllos | Wild liquorice | 8 | 2.7 | 13 | 0.5 | 34000 | 1.1 |
| Centaurea nigra | Common knapweed | 97 | 32.6 | 261 | 9.6 | 699000 | 21.9 |
| Centaurea scabiosa | Greater knapweed | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.1 | 5000 | 0.2 |
| Cirsium acaulon | Dwarf thistle | 3 | 1.0 | 4 | 0.1 | 10000 | 0.3 |
| Clinopodium vulgare | Wild basil | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Galium verum | Lady's bedstraw | 87 | 29.2 | 323 | 11.9 | 865000 | 27.1 |
| Geranium pratense | Meadow crane's-bill | 2 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.1 | 8000 | 0.3 |
| Hypericum perforatum | Perforate St John's-wort | 22 | 7.4 | 58 | 2.1 | 155000 | 4.9 |
| Knautia arvensis | Field scabious | 49 | 16.4 | 84 | 3.1 | 225000 | 7.0 |
| Lathyrus pratensis | Meadow vetchling | 78 | 26.2 | 174 | 6.4 | 466000 | 14.6 |
| Leontodon hispidus | Rough hawkbit | 20 | 6.7 | 67 | 2.5 | 179000 | 5.6 |
| Lotus corniculatus | Common bird's-foot-trefoil | 96 | 32.2 | 412 | 15.1 | 1104000 | 34.6 |
| Medicago lupulina | Black medick | 50 | 16.8 | 141 | 5.2 | 377000 | 11.8 |
| Ononis repens | Common restharrow | 2 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.1 | 10000 | 0.3 |
| Ononis spinosa | Spiny restharrow | 3 | 1.0 | 4 | 0.1 | 10000 | 0.3 |
| Pilosella officinarum | Mouse-ear-hawkweed | 4 | 1.3 | 19 | 0.7 | 50000 | 1.6 |
| Pimpinella saxifraga | Burnet-saxifrage | 92 | 30.9 | 196 | 7.2 | 525000 | 16.4 |
| Plantago lanceolata | Ribwort plantain | 39 | 13.1 | 116 | 4.3 | 310000 | 9.7 |
| Plantago major | Greater plantain | 8 | 2.7 | 19 | 0.7 | 50000 | 1.6 |
| Plantago media | Hoary plantain | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Polygala vulgaris | Common milkwort | 9 | 3.0 | 16 | 0.6 | 42000 | 1.3 |
| Potentilla reptans | Creeping cinquefoil | 13 | 4.4 | 17 | 0.6 | 45000 | 1.4 |
| Primula veris | Cowslip | 3 | 1.0 | 6 | 0.2 | 16000 | 0.5 |
| Prunella vulgaris | Selfheal | 20 | 6.7 | 72 | 2.6 | 192000 | 6.0 |
| Ranunculus bulbosus | Bulbous buttercup | 9 | 3.0 | 13 | 0.5 | 34000 | 1.1 |
| Sanguisorba minor | Salad burnet | 9 | 3.0 | 23 | 0.8 | 61000 | 1.9 |
| Scabiosa columbaria | Small scabious | 2 | 0.7 | 5 | 0.2 | 13000 | 0.4 |
| Taraxacum sp. | Dandelions | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Thymus polytrichus | Wild thyme | 3 | 1.0 | 13 | 0.5 | 34000 | 1.1 |
| Trifolium pratense | Red clover | 18 | 6.0 | 41 | 1.5 | 109000 | 3.4 |
| Veronica chamaedrys | Germander speedwell | 5 | 1.7 | 16 | 0.6 | 42000 | 1.3 |
| Viola sp. | Violets | 43 | 14.4 | 85 | 3.1 | 227000 | 7.1 |
| Sum | 2232 | 81.9 | 5982000 | 187.2 | |||
| An & bi grassland herbs | |||||||
| Blackstonia perfoliata | Yellow-wort | 12 | 4.0 | 20 | 0.7 | 53000 | 1.7 |
| Centaurium erythraea | Common centaury | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Daucus carota | Wild carrot | 27 | 9.1 | 39 | 1.4 | 104000 | 3.3 |
| Gentianella amarella | Autumn gentian | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Geranium pusillum | Small-flowered crane's-bill | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Linum catharticum | Fairy flax | 53 | 17.8 | 158 | 5.8 | 423000 | 13.3 |
| Picris hieracioides | Hawkweed oxtongue | 12 | 4.0 | 28 | 1.0 | 75000 | 2.3 |
| Tragopogon pratensis | Goat's-beard | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Trifolium campestre | Hop trefoil | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Trifolium dubium | Lesser trefoil | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Vicia sativa ssp. segetalis | Common vetch | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Sum | 252 | 9.2 | 675000 | 21.1 | |||
| Weeds | |||||||
| Cirsium arvense | Creeping thistle | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.1 | 5000 | 0.2 |
| Cirsium vulgare | Spear thistle | 1 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.1 | 5000 | 0.2 |
| Convolvulus arvensis | Field bindweed | 53 | 17.8 | 72 | 2.6 | 192000 | 6.0 |
| Galium aparine | Cleavers | 2 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.1 | 8000 | 0.3 |
| Myosotis arvensis | Field forget-me-not | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Senecio erucifolius | Hoary ragwort | 5 | 1.7 | 5 | 0.2 | 13000 | 0.4 |
| Sonchus sp. | Sow-thistles | 15 | 5.0 | 19 | 0.7 | 50000 | 1.6 |
| Urtica dioica | Common nettle | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Sum | 105 | 3.9 | 281000 | 8.8 | |||
| Scrub | |||||||
| Acer campestre | Field maple | 7 | 2.3 | 7 | 0.3 | 18000 | 0.6 |
| Anthriscus sylvestris | Cow parsley | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.1 | 5000 | 0.2 |
| Arctium sp. | Burdocks | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.1 | 5000 | 0.2 |
| Clematis vitalba | Traveller's-joy | 4 | 1.3 | 5 | 0.2 | 13000 | 0.4 |
| Crataegus sp. | Hawthorns | 46 | 15.4 | 66 | 2.4 | 176000 | 5.5 |
| Epilobium sp. | Willowherbs | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Fraxinus excelsior | Ash | 20 | 6.7 | 23 | 0.8 | 61000 | 1.9 |
| Geum urbanum | Wood avens | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Hedera helix | Ivy | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Hypericum hirsutum | Hairy St John's-wort | 2 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.1 | 8000 | 0.3 |
| Lapsana communis | Nipplewort | 1 | 0.3 | 2 | 0.1 | 5000 | 0.2 |
| Prunus sp. | Blackthorn/Plum | 2 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.1 | 5000 | 0.2 |
| Rosa sp. | Dog-roses | 7 | 2.3 | 9 | 0.3 | 24000 | 0.8 |
| Rubus sp. | Brambles | 7 | 2.3 | 7 | 0.3 | 18000 | 0.6 |
| Tamus communis | Black bryony | 4 | 1.3 | 4 | 0.1 | 10000 | 0.3 |
| Torilis japonica | Upright hedge-parsley | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.0 | 2000 | 0.1 |
| Sum | 136 | 5.0 | 364000 | 11.4 | |||
| Total | 2725 | 100.0 | 7304000 | 228.6 | |||